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Used to control erosion by running water because their dense root mats resist scouring. They have a smaller aerial root mass and there are two sub-genera:
- medium sized shrubs up to 8 m high
- multiple stems arising from the base of the plant 12-15 cm in diameter depending on the species
- leaves are 5-10 times longer than they are wide
- catkins appear 2-3 weeks before leaves
- multiple stems arising from the base of the plant with stout branches
- form varies from low shrubs to small trees
- leaf length is 2-3 times the width
- catkins appear 2-3 weeks before leaves
| Species |
Cultivar (Clone No.) |
Characteristics |
Uses |
| Salix purpurea |
Booth (PN 249) |
Shrub or small tree (7-8m), flexible branches resistant to breakage. Best in gullies or along stream banks, can be used as an initial stabiliser on sites being revegetated with native plants. Triploid female, Sterile. |
Soil conservation, revegetation, river control. |
| S.purpurea |
Holland (PN 605) |
Shrub (to 7m) with spreading habit and flexible branches, similar to Booth. Best in gullies and along stream banks. Male. |
Soil conservation, river control. |
| S.purpurea |
Irette (PN 608) |
Shrub to small tree (7-8m), upright habit. Performs well at higher altitudes but not drought tolerant. Good dense root system for stream bank stabilisation. Male |
Soil conservation, river control, lower stratum in windbreaks. |
| S.purpurea |
Pohangina (NZ1087) |
Shrub (7-8m) moderately spreading. Vigorous, slender, flexible stems. Male. |
Soil conservation, river control. |
| S.elaeagnos x daphnoides |
Tiritea (NZ 1012) |
Shrub (to 8m), very vigorous. Multi-stemmed with an open upright habit and flexible branches, slightly susceptible to leaf rust, not tolerant of dry conditions. . Male |
Soil conservation, river control. |
| S.glaucophylloides |
Glenmark (CM4) |
Clonal mix shrub (6-8m), multi-stemmed and spreading. Vigorous on most sites and grows well on high country sites. Tolerates acid soils. Foliage moderately palatable to possums. Male. |
Soil conservation, river control. |
| S.repens x purpurea |
Kumeti (NZ1057) |
Semi prostate shrub (2-3m) with many almost horizontal branches. Medium growth rate, suitable for low ground cover. Male. |
Soil conservation, river control. |
S. x reichardtii
(= S.discolor) |
PN 215 |
Shrubby tree (to 10m), erect, multi-stemmed habit. Tolerates drier conditions than most willows, moderately tolerant of salt winds and tolerates acid soils. Slightly susceptible to leaf rust. Male. |
Soil conservation, windbreaks. |
| S. viminalis |
Kinuyanagi (PN 386) |
Large shrub to small spreading tree (6 x 6 m) very vigorous on moist fertile sites once established. Leaves are silvery underneath. Performs well as a coppice fuel wood and forage species. High tannin levels in foliage reduce palatability to livestock after mid summer. Male. |
Forage. |
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